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Celebrating Victory
Triumph on the Battlefield
After the Battle of Poitiers, the English army celebrated a great victory. The French king and many nobles had been captured,...
English Archers’ Excellence
The Secret of Victory
At the Battle of Poitiers, the English army had a powerful advantage: their archers. These men were trained to use longbows...
The Heroic Sir John Chandos
A Distinguished Commander
Sir John Chandos was one of the most respected English knights during the Hundred Years’ War. He was a close companion of...
Location of the Second Basilike Pyle
If we accept that the title Basilike Pyle, or Imperial Gate, was applied to more than one entrance along the Harbour Walls, then there...
Final Words and Future Possibilities
General Classification of the Icons
The icons discussed in this study can be divided into two main categories. The first category includes a small number...
Scholarly References and Comparative Material
Several scholarly publications help us understand the style and context of this icon. For example, studies of Greek and Russian icons in museum collections...
Introduction to the Virgin Hodegetria Icon
The icon of the Virgin Hodegetria presents the Virgin Mary as a half-length figure holding the Christ Child on her left arm. This type...
The Nicolaitans and the Defense of Faith
The Christians of Ephesus are praised for the strong opposition they showed toward the Nicolaitans. This group was linked to a man named Nicolas,...
“I Know Your Works” Praise for Faithfulness
The expression “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance” appears at the beginning of each of the letters in the Book of...
The Cayster River and the Fate of Ephesus
The history of Ephesus is closely connected with the Cayster River. From the very beginning, the river was both a blessing and a problem...
