Home Blog
Final Words and Future Possibilities
General Classification of the Icons
The icons discussed in this study can be divided into two main categories. The first category includes a small number...
Scholarly References and Comparative Material
Several scholarly publications help us understand the style and context of this icon. For example, studies of Greek and Russian icons in museum collections...
Introduction to the Virgin Hodegetria Icon
The icon of the Virgin Hodegetria presents the Virgin Mary as a half-length figure holding the Christ Child on her left arm. This type...
The Nicolaitans and the Defense of Faith
The Christians of Ephesus are praised for the strong opposition they showed toward the Nicolaitans. This group was linked to a man named Nicolas,...
“I Know Your Works” Praise for Faithfulness
The expression “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance” appears at the beginning of each of the letters in the Book of...
The Cayster River and the Fate of Ephesus
The history of Ephesus is closely connected with the Cayster River. From the very beginning, the river was both a blessing and a problem...
A World Full of Gods
In the Roman world, there was never a shortage of gods or goddesses. Every city had its own divine protectors, and new deities were...
Festivals of the Imperial Cult
The best surviving ancient description of festivals organized for the imperial cult comes from Antiochus I of Commagene (69–31 BCE), whose monumental sanctuary on...
The Imperial Cult in Western Anatolia
The Roman imperial cult played a major role in the religious and social life of cities in western Anatolia. Even before the power of...
Claim of the Gate of Eugenius as the Basilike Pyle
The idea that the Gate of Eugenius was the only Basilike Pyle, or Imperial Gate, faces only one serious difficulty. This difficulty arises from...
